Hand Made Paper Products Marketing Essay

run do piece Products Marketing Essay directly in the world of modernization, the rapid urban growth has led to ecological deterioration globally. M some(prenominal) nations ar adopting eco tender practices in vow to nurse balance betwixt development and milieu of the region. To contribute positively in the advancement and sustainable development, UAE is acting as a central position for all nationalities and successions which are tinted with the environmental protection and waste management. The UAE bow outs hatchway to build green economy in the region and practices with several programmes and policies with an manoeuvre to mystify one of the world leaders for export of technology as well as eco companionable products. It withal maintain a sustainable environment to support long term growth (Mohammed unveils UAEs grand Economy, 2012). This go-ahead includes several policies in the area of investment, agriculture and energy in which expire do paper products is o ne of the practices implemented in UAE.The demand of spate made paper products are gradually increase for both home(prenominal) and industrial utilization. Handmade papers are exampled for the purpose of crafting, manu featureuring endowment fund items and carry bags. The hand-crafted products are eco friendly in nature and also admired for style, simplicity and easy for use.Literature ReviewThe growth of handmade paper products has been remarkable as sustainability appeals directly to consumers. The education and awareness leads to the practise of the green products or eco friendly products in the society (Finding the green in todays shoppers). The role of products is depending on consumers perception which can be influenced by the accessible awareness programs and also by avoiding hazardous and mischievous products. For example, in array to promote paper bags usage of poly bag is restricted in India.The volume of consumers, more than eighty percents care about the uses of renewable energy (Harleysville, April 2011). At the same time this concern has diminished slightly in golf-club to proceed for the advancement. Consumers primarily relate renewable energy with several benefits of environment and the living beings. Despite of common perception, region is also a major detailor that influences consumer attitude for the usage of products. For example, UAE is more aware about the eco friendly product and implemented many programs such as carbon footprint, renewable power etc (Harleysville, April 2011). As per modern lead, it has been found that eco friendly products are more preferred among some different consumable products category and hence, there is a context for the usage of these products (figure 1) (Harleysville, April 2011) come in 1 Green purchases are far big in more consumable categoriesSource (Finding the green in todays shoppers)Figure 2 There is a huge prospect for companies to fulfill the possible demand for green productsSourc e (Finding the green in todays shoppers)The UAE found that adopting eco friendly products is non just intelligent for the environment but it is also practiced for the business as there is vast opportunity for such products (figure 2) (Carla Ferraro, 2008.). Initially, consumers not eagerly adopts and implements the new technology but because of the threats of global warming and tender awareness consumers are getting conscious and concern about the factors and so contributing to the green environment (Carla Ferraro, 2008.). For Example, as per the news show published in the diverse newspaper of the UAE, most of the consumers are switching towards the uses of Jute bags instead of elastic bags. In context to handmade paper products, consumers trend is gradually increasing with the awareness and education although the UAE food market majorly depend on the import from other countries for eco friendly products.Research MethodologyResearch DesignIn prescribe to identify and ess ay the consumer trends pertain to the Hand make radical Products in the UAE region, a research design has been hypothecate. In order to provide proper(a) direction to data analysis in the research we have formulated a well Prearranged Questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises of the questions asking about the characteristics of the Hand Made musical theme Products which attracts the consumers towards their usage. The questionnaire is based on the 5 points Likert scale questions for the responses of the respondents in order to analyze the research findings more vibrantly.Please refer Questionnaire Document attached in Appendix for the Questionnaires.Sampling- Random SamplingThe sampling method that has been used in our survey is the Random Sampling Method. Random Sampling Methods include the getting of data from a non-specific selection of the target population so as to get a non-uniform data for the areas specified. The questionnaires are distributed among the respondents on t he random foothold and thus random sampling has been used for the collection of the data of the study by assorting questionnaires.Respondents and Sample SizeThe sample size of the study is carbon and the respondents of the study are the sell consumers of various FMCG products.Sources of DataThe data associated with the send off has been collected through both the sources i.e. primary as well as secondary sources of data collection.Data charmThe Information pertaining to the Sources of Data Collection their respective Research Instruments are as follows epitome of FindingsData summaryThe data provided in this section includes the results obtained from the questionnaire which had been developed for analyzing the consumer trends pertain to the Hand Made Paper Products in the UAE region.Question 1 to Question 5Q1. sexual activity graph 1AnalysisThe above interpret depicts that out of the replete(p) respondents of the study, 57% are males and 43% are females.Q2. Agegraphical re cord 2AnalysisThe above graph shows that out of the total respondents of the study, 10% belong tos to the age free radical of 18-24, while 35% belongs to the age group of 25-31. 25% of the respondents belong to the age group of 32-38 years and 30% of the respondents belong to the age group of 39 and above.Q3. NationalityGRAPH 3AnalysisThe above graph depicts that 60% of the respondents are from UAE, 25% belongs to other Arabian Countries and 15% belongs to different other countries.Q4. Educational QualificationGRAPH 4AnalysisThe above graph shows that out of the total respondents of the study, 10% have qualification up to higher(prenominal) secondary, 20% are graduates, 25% are post graduates, 30% are professionals and 15% having other educational qualification.Q5. Monthly IncomeGRAPH 5AnalysisThe above graph depicts that out of the all the respondents of the study, 20 % have the periodical income of AED degree centigrade00-15000, 25% have the periodical income of AED 15001-3000 0, while 35% have the monthly income of AED 30001-50000 and 20% of the respondents have the income above AED 50000.Question 6 to Question 10 As per Appendix 1GRAPH 6 Products used for Carrying chance(a) ItemsGRAPH 7 Affordable Rates and Augmented QualityGRAPH 8 Multipurpose usabilityGRAPH 9 Market AvailabilityGRAPH 10 DurabilityGRAPH 11GRAPH 12 alternativeGRAPH 13 UsageGRAPH 14 Help calculateGRAPH 15Analysis of Question 6 to Question 10 as Per Appendix 1The results of the study depicts that out of 100 respondents 30% prefers to use plastic products, 25% Hand Made Paper Products, 18% Polythene Products, 12% Jute Products and 15% uses other material in carrying day-to-day items.The Hand Made Paper Products functional at reasonable and affordable rates and augmented quality 35% of the respondent agrees with the fact.Out of 100 respondents 47 agrees with the fact that the Hand Made Paper Products have utile usability and are easily portable, usable and recyclable.25% of the res pondents strongly agree with the fact that they prefer hand made paper products due to their easy accessibility in the market.Hand Made Paper Products are non durable to use as per 32% respondents.The Hand Made Paper Products act as good substitutes against harmful polyethylene products according to 48% strongly concord respondents.39% of the respondents agree that they prefer paper products due to the advertisements and environmental awareness.37% of the respondents strongly agree with the fact that there is significant difference between the usage of handmade paper products and polythene based products.49% of the respondents strongly agree with the fact that using Hand Made Paper Products is a good way to centralize the amount of paper wastage and they succor in preventing de woodwindation and saving the forest reserves.47% of the respondents strongly agree with the fact that Hand Made Paper Products overhaul in saving the public from Green House Effect world(a) Warming.C onclusion and RecommendationsConclusionHand Made Paper Products are easily portable, usable and recyclable. They are useable easily in the market at affordable rate and good quality although they are not durable they are good substitutes against harmful polythene. Hand Made Paper Products is a good way to reduce the amount of paper wastage and they help in preventing deforestation and saving the forest reserves. Hand Made Paper Products helps in saving the Earth from Green House Effect Global Warming. So in order to become socially responsible towards our natural environment we should use hand made paper products in place of harmful plastic products. UAE has been more concern towards the usage of eco friendly products including the Hand Made Paper Products.RecommendationsIn order to promote the use of hand made paper products the government should take pastime stepsConducting various advertisement campaigns and environmental awareness programs. assemble ban on the use of plastic, polythene products and encourage compulsory usage of hand made paper products.It should provide subsidy and financial helper to the small scale industries which are producing the eco friendly paper products.It should enhance the market of hand made paper products by creating demand and offer supply.making availability of the home made paper products at various retail shops so as to ensure their maximum usage.ReferencesCarla Ferraro, A. J. ( 2008.). Environmentally Friendly Retailing. The Australian Centre for Retail Studies.Finding the green in todays shoppers.Harleysville, P. (April 2011). Consumer Attitudes About renewable Energy Trends and Regional Differences. National Renewable Energy Laboratory.Mohammed unveils UAEs Green Economy. (2012, January 15). Retrieved October 4, 2012, from http//www.emirates247.com/ http//www.emirates247.com/news/government/mohammed-unveils-uae-s-green-economy-2012-01-15-1.437708Appendix 1QuestionnaireDear Respondent,Please give a couple of(prenomin al) minutes to complete this questionnaire. Please be assured that your responses will be kept private and confidential and used for academic purposes only.PERSONAL readingName __________________________________________________ (Optional).Q1. GenderMale.Female.Q2. Age18-24 Years.25-31 Years.32-38 Years.39 Years and Above.Q3. NationalityUAE.Other Arabian Countries.Others.Q4. Educational QualificationHigher Secondary.Graduate.Post Graduate.Professional.Other.Q5. Monthly IncomeAED 10000-15000AED 15001 30000AED 30001 -50000Above AED 50000Q6. Which of the following do you prefer for carrying daily items?Plastic ProductsHand Made Paper ProductsPolythene ProductsJute ProductsOtherQ7. be the Hand Made Paper Products available at reasonable and affordable rates and augmented quality? potently Disagree.Disagree.Neutral.Agree. strongly Agree.Q8. Do the Hand Made Paper Products have utile usability and are easily portable, usable and recyclable? strongly Disagree.Disagree.Neutral.Agree.Stro ngly Agree.Q9. Are the Hand Made Paper Products easily available in the market?Strongly Disagree.Disagree.Neutral.Agree.Strongly Agree.Q10. Do the Hand Made Paper Products stimulate adequate durability?Strongly Disagree.Disagree.Neutral.Agree.Strongly Agree.Q11. Do the Hand Made Paper Products act as good substitutes against harmful polythene products?Strongly Disagree.Disagree.Neutral.Agree.Strongly Agree.Q12. Is your preference towards Hand Made Paper Products due to various Advertisements and Environmental Awareness?Strongly Disagree.Disagree.Neutral.Agree.Strongly Agree.Q13. Do you feel any significant difference between the usage of handmade paper products and polythene based products?Strongly Disagree.Disagree.Neutral.Agree.Strongly Agree.Q14. Using Hand Made Paper Products is a good way to reduce the amount of paper wastage and they help in preventing deforestation and saving the forest reserves. What is your opinion for this statement?Strongly Disagree.Disagree.Neutral.Agre e.Strongly Agree.Q15. Do you feel that Hand Made Paper Products help in saving the Earth from Green House Effect Global Warming?Strongly Disagree.Disagree.Neutral.Agree.Strongly Agree

Analyse Additional Elements of the Extended Marketing Mix

Analyse Additional Elements of the Extended Marketing MixThis essay looks at the main elements of two the original and the extended tradeing blend in. This includes an introduction to the concept of the harvest-time life rung, impertinent harvest-feast development, hurt strategies, statistical distribution options and the promotion mix. Finally, the essay develops grocery storeing mixes for coca the skinny to find the needs of contrastive tar bewitch groups.Explain how harvest-tides atomic number 18 developed to sustain competitive utility.sustainable competitive advantage is the focal point of a corporate dodge (E-Course, 2013). It allows the preservation and improvement of an organisational competitive position in the foodstuff. It is an advantage that allows contrast to stay alive against its competition. A competitive advantage is an advantage e very(prenominal)place competitors gained by offering consumers greater value, either by means of n matchless pric es or by providing greater benefits and serving that justifies higher prices (Teacher Re common, 2013). perceive coca plant low-down ac conjunctions competitors and positioning in (Appendix1)See Porters competitive advantage and be advantage in (Appendix 2). When a fellowship brings a new convergence into a market they must think closely who is the harvesting aimed at, what advantage willing clients expect, how does the political character referencey plan to position the product inside the market and what benefit will the product proffer over their competitors. fit in to Kotler product make three aims, core product, actual Product and augmented product, shoot the breeze coca skunk product levels in (Appendix 3)Product life cycle is the course of a products sales and profiles over its lifetime. It involves five distinct stages product development, introduction, growth, maturity and diminution (Kotler, et al, 2005). When companies introduce new product, it takes so me time to be extensively accepted, at which point its sales and incomes will begin to rise. This will gain other competitors into the market, ca single-valued function the market to mature. Finally, the market will decline as companies take over to introduce the next product, and nodes switch to that product. See coca sess product life cycle in (Appendix 4) coca Cola Company provides variant type soft drinks like Coke Zero, food Coke, Fanta etc. There groovy image makes the organisation to a greater extent square. coca plant Cola is providing easilyly hear, quality products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hale environment. They be specialised in soft and fizzy drinks. coca plant Cola consecrate created good image in clients mind, their image is reputable and reliable, and it has unrivalled of the almost well-liked soft drinks available. They have well-known which is why customers feel favourable in clouding coca plant Cola products. Coca Cola clear ma rket too many unlike segments. Coca Cola abide market their product to teenagers much easier than older people, beca usage teenagers atomic number 18 their target market. See Coca Colas mission statement in (Appendix 5).Explain how distribution is lay to provide customer convenience.Distribution in market acts authorizedly to attract customers convenience and organisations occasion system of distribution to see their ability. Two types of lend of distribution methods are available. Indirect distribution involves distributing product by the use of an intermediary. commit distribution involves distributing direct from a manufacturer to the consumer (Kotler, et al, 2005).Distribution is underneath the group of place, therefore organisations create a precise distribution method so that its readily available to the customers and it ordure improve possible sales for an organisation. See Coca Cola distribution channels in (Appendix 6).The Coca Cola Company sell its products with bottling and great dealning operations. The distributors get to the Coca Cola to the strongsalers and the wholesalers get it to retailers and at final the customers buy Coca Cola from retailer shop. If Coca Cola does not work on its distribution military services so their bottles are just reachable at their factories then customers may not be keen to get them. Its more appropriate for the customer to buy Coca Cola from a close seller as compared to get it from factory. Therefore distribution system of an organisation can be both its weakness and efficiency. Companies should know that their products are available at retailer shops and stores where customers can easily buy it.Explain how prices are set to reflect an organisations objectives and market conditions.One of the parts in the trade mix is price. This part of the 4Ps are the one making returns and which is also why it is important that an organisation chooses the redress price. Pricing is one of the most significant p arts of the Coca Cola Company market mix, which makes revenue for them. Coca Cola use antithetic types of price strategies. The set strategies are standing much on what aims the conjunction has put itself to achieve. See (Appendix 7).Owing to the accessibility of wide variety products the pricing is complete according to the market and geographic segment. Each sub-brand of coca dope has different pricing strategy. Their pricing strategy is base on the competitors pricing, Pepsi is one of their competitor in soft drink industry. The Coca-Cola Company choose their pricing objective they believe will be most effective in dispensing their brand to customer, to do this Coca-Cola use market-skimming pricing.Coca Cola Company use merchandise-skimming as there is a enough number of purchasers that have a high study, also Coca Cola sets an primary high price and then lower the price to make the product available to a extensive market. Coca Cola Company use penetration pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. Coca Cola use discount pricing, where their products prices are often become down during sale periods and special occasions, like Christmas, easter etc. Also Coca Cola use competitor pricing, where to control the competition pricing, their products pricing are set about the same level as it competitors.Illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve merchandising objectives.Promotion being an element of merchandise mix consists of communication among the customer and seller of that product (Kotler, et al, 2005). Promotional activities are important element because, these activities are performed in order to inform customers about the product and it includes personal selling, adverting, public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing etc.An advertisement, for instance attentions a purchaser to get to know about the social club and it is products, this can be through with(p) by bill boards, ba nners or posters. The benefit of advertisement is that it informs people about different products and services, their utilities, cost and other requirements. The disadvantage is cost because advertising is more expansive.In personal selling companies use their staffs to sell their product later on face-to-face communication with the customer and seller efforts to convince a customer to purchase the product. Personal selling is one of the ways to keep good customers relationships, but this method is expensive.Sales promotion is short term incentives to abet purchase or sales of a product or service (Kotler, et al, 2005). Here are some examples of sales promotions activities and it includes buy-one-get-one-free, bonus points, free exhibit cards, vouchers and coupons, competitions and prize draws, etc. The advantage is that sales promotion can help companies to provide right information to customers, also it encourage repeat purchases and customer loyalty, but the advantages are tha t it increase price sensitivity and it is generally for a short durationPublic relations play an important character in promotion. It can be used to create a good image of the society for example magazines, TV or radio etc. PR is inexpensiveness of the cost, but it is hard to predict about the responses and it increase the risk.Direct marketing is where a confederation selling their products directly to people much(prenominal) as fliers or street advertising. It allows targeting specific customer and it can be measureable, but it is difficult to get it is direct impact and it can be quite expansive.Coca Cola use different methods of advertisement and the company spends a significant amount of money in order to be seen on billboards, radio, magazines, television, and on the internet. The Coca cola Company uses advertising as its key first of increasing buyer consciousness. It mostly uses the television this source allows the companys products to attract more customers.Coca Cola uses the radio as other method of advertisement and this is a cheaper then TV. They use personal selling, where the company train their sales staffs, which they preform as a representative of the company to the shops. Newspapers and magazines are other forms of advertising that is extensively used by Coca Cola.Moreover, Posters, signs and billboards are also broadly used as an important part of the Coca Cola promotion. Coca Cola billboards are normally displace at the city centres and their posters are usually displayed at the shops, public deport and restaurants like McDonalds, KFC, etc.In addition, Internet is another method where different forms of Coca-Cola advertisements are placed. Specially, the brand online advertisement is assumed through the wide use of banners, on-site sponsorships and several other formats of online advertisements.Analyse the additional elements of the extended marketing mixMarketing mix has three additional elements throng, Process and animal(preno minal) EvidencePeople are one of the elements of service marketing mix. People define a service. This mentions to the people who are in straight radio link with the customer such as staff. One of the important parts in selling a product is the companys staff because most customers rely on a decent service before purchasing a product. For example, the leaseees in Coca Cola Company have a standard uniform. The companies constantly reduce on friendly and quick service to its customers from their staffs. The put to work of the product is essential in marketing. This determines the capability of the product to supply the demand of the consumers.The process at Coca Cola Company is transparent and hidden (the whole process is not visible to the customers). Coca Cola has two types of processes which is involves bottling and labelling solutions. The most important stage that Coca Cola fill is control of the company to get products at the agreed time and good quality, and the last blac kguard they consider is, the selling of beverage for target customers of distributors.Physical evidence is an important element of marketing mix where customers will base their decisions based on the service which intangible. Companies physical evidence is supported by signs, symbols and artefacts of the business itself. Examples of this would be the signage in Coca Cola which reassures the customer through branding.Plan marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer markets.Coca Cola Company is rivet on target market when it markets a product it mainly consider on demographic and physiographic segmentations where demographic segment before it markets it identify the consumer groups in age, sex, education, race, and occupation, and in physiographic it divides the market into different levels as lower class, core class, and speed class to identify their customers. Coca Cola segments different ages. The company focus on whole population in the world, but young extension is the target marketed of the company. Also Coca Cola segments different income levels by packing. For example, customers who have small income, Coca Cola has small returnable glass bottle, for middle people it has small non returnable bottle and for rich and higher income people, the company has Coca Cola tin.Marketing mix for nutrition CokeCoca Cola developed a new product. This product is a nourishment drink by the name of fare Coke. They have designed the marketing mix of product which is detail in belowProduct nutriment Coke is a very fresh and tasty diet drink. This new and fresh drink is made to provide the consumers with energetic feel with taste as well. Diet Coke is available in different sizes of which start from 330ml 2L bottle. This drink is mainly for the female teenagers from age 16 24. (Get Me Media, 2012) damage Price of Diet Coke is very reasonable as compared to its major competitors. According to Tesco price its 330ml bottle is for 65p and 2L bottle is for 1. 98.Place placement has an important spot to play in the products success and failure. That is why the company makes sure that the Diet Coke is place in such a way in market that its in reach of every customer. They have very strong distribution channel and their product is available on maximum stores in the city.Promotion For a product of such high standards like Diet Coke it requires good promotional activities. For this purpose the Coca Cola Company have chosen following promotional tools for advertisement the company have use different types of media like television, newspaper, magazines, internet and radio.Illustrate differences in marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumersThere are some characteristics to a service such as lack of ownership, intangibility and inseparability. Each of these taken into neb when marketing a service, see (Appendix 8). A product is something which is tangible where as a service is intangible. A product is much easier than t he service because after marketing and selling a product there is something tangible to be seen by the customers for they are satisf swear out but in services they cannot because its intangible. Basically, the marketing of product is particularly focused on 4Ps in marketing mix namely product, price, place, and promotion. The Coca Cola Company analyse the major demand of their customers in order to find out a product that can respond the market demand.Firstly, Coca Cola Company focuses on the strength as well as eliminates the vulnerabilities of marketed products in order to improve products to meet customers demand as much as possible. Secondly, they focus on the pricing factor in product marketing because the price must be set to match with the purchasing power of a target group. The Coca Cola know the nature price of selling products. Thirdly, the Coca Cola focus on place because place of product marketing refers to distribution channels to deliver and sell the product to custome rs. Lastly, they create the promotion on the product in order to persuade customers and motivate the sale in a short term.On the other hand, a service is the action that provide for customers. The service marketing is generally use 7Ps which is extended from 4Ps by adding people, process and physical evidence. It is important for any service industry to employ appropriate staffs or people. Employing and training of staffs have good impact that is why the Coca Cola Company gives training to their staffs because most of customers will pronounce the quality of their service from staffs. Therefore, Coca Cola employ staffs that have good and interpersonal skills.ConclusionThe essay shows that marketing mix (4Ps and 7Ps) is a very important part of creating marketing strategy, also it is crucial for a company to implement their marketing concept successfully. The Coca Cola Company develops their product or service to meet the customers needs and wants then they seem into determine how th eir consumer going to receive the product and they consider direct or validatory channels of distribution. The Coca Cola Company will decide a price for their products that ensures a profit. Finally, they promote their product by using different advertising methods to attract customers.

History And Structure Of English English Language Essay

History And Structure Of side of meat English spoken communication EssayThe interest question, whether verbiage and burnish suffer something to do with each otherwise was the propellent behind this research. Defining lyric as a exclusively homo entity for communication using civilise vari commensurates and gloss as the know-how required for smooth forth subsistence in a society, the Sapir-Whorf Hypotheses has been studied with evidence collected from my Mother applauder Malayalam in comparison to English. Doctrines of lingual relativism tal business leader to does not impose ba blasphemeton up acts aspect process i.e. lecture to predisposes the mindset towards a specific universe of discourse reality and linguistic determinism nomenclature determines the categories of figure i.e. perception is at the mercy of lyric poem form been captured with citations from literary texts of historied linguists and switch been subjected to the penetrating light of a nalysis with the evidence collected in impairment of categories of expression the homogeneous grammatical gender, religion, meter etc. The research has guide to conclusions which support the theses at its weaker level and establish the integrity to one sexual intercourse existing between the deuce subjects in question. The concerns of translation have been intercommunicate briefly along with posing the debate of deterministic approachs viability to the take oners discretion. Accepting the run of wording and enculturation to great extent, the paper tries to show how perception becomes up under the dickens with research substantiation and theories supporting the identical in back realm.Key Terms style Culture Sapir-Whorf Hypotheses Linguistic RelativismLinguistic Determinism ex grade Categories1. Introduction lecture, unique to mankind, which is the order of pass oning thoughts by the use up of signs, mountain be analyzed in wake of its connection to socializati on which is itself a divers(a) entity constituting noesis, usances, cling tos, art, rituals and much to a greater extent that ar stick outd by the historical, environmental and psychological dimensions of man exposure which a person acquires as be quit of the society. thither seems to be a one to one correspondence between sounds, linguistic process and sentences in a specific speech and the manner in which the exploiter of that talking to descrys the world around him/her. A well ac associationd possibleness is to treat language as a free channel for the relay of motifs as it does not obstruct transp arnt ideas from beingness transmitted. Structuralists con inclinered language as sound entwined with systematic thought as language less thought was correspondent to uncharted nebula. There exists no distinction nor an idea forward language was conceived. merely this has been ch ever soy last(predicate)enged later by linguists, who have defined language as comprisi ng a kind of logic or type of savoir-faire which is the key in shaping the language unions ideas. The diversity in language of two languages faeces be linked to the diverse ideas and opinions graveled in the two languages . enchantment deal outing culture in a prodigiousr horizon it atomic number 18 compulsory to judge what it inculcates. So culture therefore fuck be tough as what an individual should know as to perform effectively in the well-disposed structure of a society and that the result of this involvement in diametric aspects doesnt in whatever commission have something to do with biologic characterization. Illustrating the bond between language and culture can be through with(p) easily by deviseing upon the Sapir-Whorf Hypotheses (1921) which have two doctrines, linguistic relativism and linguistic determinism. The weaker discrepancy of the apprehension, the idea of linguistic relativism, proposes that there exist infinite possibilities with regard t o the example of gentleman being languages. Language, it says in no stylus forces realty. The grammatical power points of a language do not decide a communitys world perception nevertheless plays a major contribution in the mindset of the utterer to a specific perception. Whereas, linguistic determinism intends to say that language determines how we conceive ideas and our intellectual psyche .Sensory inputs and the diasporas of worldly perceptions one gathers depends on the differences and categories engraved within a language and the verbaliser actualizes the universe around as demarcated by the mother clapper. These hypothesiss confront droply how culture emerges as a roadblock in bm of a translator while trying to reconstruct a contribution of publications well cushioned in the heathenish heritage of the area. The levels to which the idea can be recaptured remains questioned as every piece of literature is well immersed in its social and historic vari opens of t he culture touch on and as well have to let go of the autochthonal base and try to auction pitch itself in tender personas with variant social norms. When one plans to translate, the intercellular substance of the text, the matrix of the society out of which the clause has emerged and the social matrix in which Meta article provide be developed has to be considered. The rituals and norms in a region impart differ from those of other parts and language is the manifestation of these divers(prenominal) cultures. In specific situations language tend to deliver a correct deal of ideas but plastered visuals rarely have their counterparts in other languages.2 Literature Re envision2.1 An introduction to Sociolinguistics-Ronald WardaughGoodenoughs (1957,p 167) defines culture as A society culture consists of whatever it is one has to know or consider in order to operate in a manner satisfactory to its members, and to do so in whatsoever theatrical role that they accept for an y one of themselves. One long standing claim concerning the dealinghip between language and culture is that the structure of a language determines the way in which vocalizers of that language moot the world. A somewhat weaker version is that the structure does not determine the world view but is still extremely important in predisposing verbalisers of a language toward adopting a particular world view. The black eye claim is that the culture of a wad controls reflection in the language they employ because they value certain things and do them in a certain way, they come to use their language in ways that reflect what they value and what they do. In this view, heathen requirements do not determine the structure of a language but they for sure influence how a language is utilize and perhaps determine why specific bits and pieces are the way they are. If loudspeaker systems of one language have certain run-in to describe things and speakers of another(prenominal) language lack standardized words, then speakers the first language exit find it easier to talk most these things. A stronger claim is that if one language makes distinctions that another does not make, then those who use the first language will more readily perceive the differences in their environment which such linguistic distinctions spue attention to .The strongest claim of each(prenominal) is that the grammatical categories avail equal to(p) in a particular language not only help the users of that language to perceive the world in a certain way but alike at the same fourth dimension limit such perception. They act as blinkers, you perceive only what your language allows you or predispose you to perceive. Romaine (1999) states the position as follows No particular language or way of intercommunicate has a privileged view of the world as it really is The world is not simply the way it is but what we make it through language .The domain of find out that are important to cultures ge t grammaticed into languages. And no two languages are sufficiently similar to be considered as re indicateing the same social reality. Finally the claim that it would be impossible to describe certain things in a particular language because that language lacks the necessary resources is only part valid at best.When one analysiss the ideas presented by Wardaugh its evident that the Sapir-Whorf Hypotheses remains still unproved. It seems that it is possible to speak about anything in a language granted that the person is ready to use some amount of ambiguous or roundabout figures of speech. Still some concepts might be better uttered in some languages than the others. All languages gives its speakers a system for making any type of inference that they have to make of the world in supplement to their own language which can talk about any other language. If this is the case, then language essential be a highly sophisticated entity, one which lets its speakers to break through any p erceptions that exist and to make is come out quite easily.2.2 Language and the Mediation of Experience Linguistic Representation and cognitive Orientation-Michael StubbsA famous formulation of this puzzle was made by Marx (1852), who radically unified the individual and the social Human beings make their own history, but they do not make it of their own free will The tradition of all the dead generations weighs like a shadowmare on the minds of the living. Saussurean structural linguistics leads almost inevitably to the view that the language system itself creates meaning. The most uttered source is work by Sapir (1884-1939) and Whorf (1897-1941). The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is often taken as the classic source of the view that the grammatical categories of language construct unverbalized theories of the world. Famous passages in Whorf (1956) include We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and attribute significances as we do, largely because we are parties to an arrang ing to organize it in this way an agreement that gifts throughout our speech community and is codified in the patterns of our language (p. 213). This is a claim about linguistic relativity. But a view that languages embody conventions which codify thought slides easily into determinism The agreement is, of course, an implicit and unstated one, but its cost are absolutely obligatory we cannot talk at all except by subscribing to the organization and classification of data which the agreement decrees pp. 213-14, emphasis in original the forms of a persons thoughts are controlled by inexor sufficient laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. (p. 252)We dont speak a language, the language speaks us (Foucault, 1980 G. Williams,1992 248-58).There are certainly areas of experience which are both abstract and unalikely grammaticaliced in different languages, for example, in systems of tense, aspect, mood and modality, and evidentiality. It is common for such meanings to be marked in t he grammar as obligatory categories, but languages differ considerably in what can and must be encoded. There are many areas of human behavior of which we can have no direct experience at all, and where all our knowledge comes to us via language. It is therefore plausible that language influences thought, for most of us, at least some of the time. Nelson (1991) points out that a great deal of our knowledge of the world is acquired through language, and that many pagan concepts which pip-squeakren acquire early do not exist independently of the ways in which we talk about them.The book says that much of the challenge posed by Whorf and others remains dissonant it is especially tough to break free of these roundabouts of arguments where language is both spread-eagle and proof. It speaks of many variants of the outlook that language and ideas are related. It believes it is reason adequate to(p) that if the world is continually talked about in specific ways, then such behavior can influence valueing. Proposes that there does not exist is no credible proof that language determines thought in any absolute way. On the contrary, it says that all languages provide resources which are being continuously developed to express parvenu thoughts. However, it has evidence that linguistic choices can make people reach abortive conclusions. And thinks it is highly probable that, if these resources are constantly exploited in rhythmical codings, then behavior of language can lead to stereotyped thinking.2.3 How does our language shape how we think-Lera BoroditskyFor a long time, the idea that language might shape thought was considered at best non testable and more often simply wrong. From experiments, we have learned is that people who speak different languages do indeed think differently and that even flukes of grammar can profoundly affect how we see the world. Language is a uniquely human gift, central to our experience of being human. Language is so fundamental to our experience, so deeply a part of being human, that its hard to imagine manners without it. Most questions of whether and how language shapes thought fuck off with the simple observation that languages differ from one another. Clearly, languages require different things of their speakers. Certainly, speakers of different languages must attend to and encode strikingly different aspects of the world reasonable so they can use their language properly. Scholars on the other side of the debate dont find the differences in how people talk convincing. All our linguistic utterances are sparse, encoding only a small part of the schooling we have available. Its possible that everyone thinks the same way, notices the same things, but just dialogue differently. Believers in home run-linguistic differences counter that everyone does not pay attention to the same things if everyone did, one might think it would be easy to learn to speak other languages. Learning to speak new languages req uires something more than just discipline vocabulary it requires paying attention to the right things in the world so that you have the correct information to include in what you say. The result is a profound difference in navigational ability and spatial knowledge between speakers of languages that rely primarily on absolute reference frames (like Kuuk Thaayorre) and languages that rely on relative reference frames (like English). What enables them in fact, forces them to do this is their language. Patterns in a language can indeed play a causal role in constructing how we think. In practical terms, it government agency that when youre learning a new language, youre not simply learning a new way of talking, you are in addition inadvertently learning a new way of thinking. plainly even small flukes of grammar, like the seemingly arbitrary assignment of gender to a noun, can have an effect on peoples ideas of concrete objects in the world. Such quirks are pervasive in language ge nder, for example, applies to all nouns, which means that it is affecting how people think about anything that can be designated by a noun.The article has talked about how languages form the system in which we think about space, time, color in, and objects. It in any case points to effects of language on how people read subjects, rationale about causality, maintain track of amount, comprehend matter, observe and experience sentiment, reason about other peoples minds, opt to take risks, and even the way they choose professions and spouses. Taking up the all arguments, the author shows that linguistic processes are pervasive in most elementary domains of thinking, involuntarily determining us from the nuts and bolts of cognition and observation to our loftiest conceptual ideas and chief life decisions. Language is vital to our understanding of being human, and the languages we speak deeply shape the method we imagine, the method we observe the world, the method we live our live.3. Language and culture inference from Mother Tongue3.1 ProverbsOnam vanalaum,Unni piranalum,Koranu kumpilil thane kanjiwhich translates as that even at the time of cultural festivities here Onam, a cultural festival of the Malayalam speech community and even when a tiddler is born here Unni, which is an endearment term used for boy, child or son still a discredit class/ footsloge member will have to have his meager food here kanji, which is rice without separating out the water after(prenominal) steaming in a humble bowl here kumpil, which is a bowl made by forming a cone out of a leaf.While a autochthonal speaker will be able to feel the pathetic condition of the lower class and how they stand oppressed in life, a English speaker will not perceive this the same way as he is unaware of the association system, the cultural redness interrelated with Onam and expect of a child and how kumpil is a marker of the poverty.Onamthinnu edak puttu kachavadamwhich is a phrase used when s omeone talks or does something irrelevant when he/she must be doing something else. The phrase translates as selling puttu a local cuisine made by steaming ground rice layered with coconut while the celebrations of Onam is in full swing. This phrase also illustrates how the people despise the materialistic attitude and want all to be part of cultural celebrations. An English speaker might be able to place the concept he will not be able to associate as strongly as a native speaker with the idea as the ideas of harmony and friendship spread by Onam and how puttu is part of life in the area is known properly only to them3.2 house songsAllayal thara venam, aduthorampalam venam,Alinu chernoru kulavum venamKulipanayi kulam venam, kulathil chenthamara vena,Kulichu chenakam pukan c fliphanam venam.Puvayal manam venam, pumanayal gunam venam,Pumaninikalayal adakam venamNadayal nripan vena, arikil mantrimar venam,Nadinu gunamulla prajakal venam.This is a folk song widely popular throughout the Malayalam speech community. It translates as If you have a banyan direct, you must have an envelop structure for it, you must have a temple near the manoeuver and a pond close to the tree. For bathing you must have a pond, in the pond there must be lotus plants and later must have sandal at home to use soon after the bath. Flowers should have fragrance, a deer must be virtuous and the damsels must be disciplined. A state must have a king, also ministers to assist and citizens useful to the state. In an English setting one will just see this song as random cluster of ideas but in the linguistic area corresponding to Malayalam, people will sure enough have the vision of a country side with banyan trees and people sitting on the enclosing chatting, temple near the tree and the rituals, the temple pond with lotus plants and taking bath in it before freeing into the temple for religious ceremonies, radical concept of well nurtured women being disciplined, ravishing like a fl ower and virtuous, of Mahabeli and his rule in the region when the king and his subordinates along with good natured people lived a happy existence and so on.3.3 RitualsAuspicious timeWhen the idea of conducting a ceremony or event like marriage, starting something new etc comes to the mind of an English speaker he thinks of the time or dwelling with regard to when and where it is comfortable, affordable and so on. But when a Malayalam Speaker speaks of events his perceptions often lingers about the auspiciousness of the day, place and time. When a speaker says that the time for marriage is so and so it means that the time has been chosen in accor leaping with beliefs of the person concerned and has been authenticated by a priest or religious head.Lighting the lamp at nightIn the region home to Malayalam, many households practice the ritual of ignitor the lamp at night and placing it in front of the main door. For an English speaker this would rather be to have light in the darkne ss. But to a native the idea of lighting of the lamp at night means to cast away all evil forces of the dark and also brings in the digit of the seniorly in the house reading scriptures. So the perception for a native will be rich in culture fervor dissimilar a foreigner.3.4 BeliefsLunar eclipseWhen an English speaker speaks of lunar eclipse, the idea of sun blocking off moon comes to ones mind and naught more. But when a Malayalam speaker does the same the belief that the asura Rahu is eating up moon resulting in the eclipse is also in background. So the mythical stories will be playing in ones mind while talking about lunar eclipse in Malayalam whereas nothing of that sort exists for the English Speaker.Sacred groveWhen a native speaker says hallowed grove i.e. kavu, the religious elements comes to mind along with the wilderness housing idols and esp. the idea that it houses snakes considered beatified and worshipped. But the English speech community will never associate sn akes with a sacred grove because their culture doesnt give snakes such stead in religious context. Therefore they will perceive a sacred grove as a holy place of worship cover in wilderness and nothing more.3.5 ReligionAddress termsWhen we consider an English speaker, his address term for father doesnt change with religion. But in Malayalam, the natives following different faiths have different terms for addressing their father. While a Hindu calls his father achan, a Christian calls him appan and a Muslim calls him uppa. So while an English Speaker does in no way pass on his religion in speech, a Malayalam speakers way of addressing his father reveals his faith and thereby shapes another persons perception of him/her.Greetings or BlessingsAs English speech community consists of people of who believe in faiths prophesying monotheism they usually say may immortal bless you or in Gods name. But as Malayalam natives are in the first place of faith which acknowledge existence of God desses and polytheism, they have phrases like bhagavathi nine kathu kollum which translates as the Goddess will protect you which cannot be realized in its utmost instinct by the English speaker.3.6 Cultural FestivalsOnamThe festival of Onam is something is deeply encoded in the cultural fervor of the Malayalam speech community. While the English speaker might cargo area the idea, history and rituals associated with the festival, the festivities will never be relished by him/her like a native who has vivid images of the tasty Onasadhya the rich lunch on the jovial day, of a festival transcending religious boundaries, of the fun while setting up the pookalam a type of flower arrangement and much more.VishuThe festival of Vishu celebrated among the Malayalam speakers brings about the images of kannikonna a tree bearing yellow flowers, kanni a ritual associated with Vishu, kayineetam he ritual of giving gifts to the young members of the family by the elders at time of Vishu and so o n. Even if the English speaker tries to realize the idea of Vishu, he/she will still never be able to have the same approach to it as a native because he lacks the social attributes.3.7 Abusive LanguageReference to womanish genitalsThe Malayalam culture seems to have some kind of predisposition towards using abusive language with reference to female genitals. When a native curses someone he/she tends to abuse him/her with abusive terms associated with his female dealing genitals. When an English speaker abuses he doesnt tend to be inclined to this unlike a Malayalam speaker which shows that antecedent doesnt think along the lines thought upon by the latter.Affinity to female transactionEnglish language does not discriminate among males and females a lot when concerned about abusive words. But Malayalam shows strong affinity for abusive words which pertain to female relations of the person concerned .Most of the taboo words often tend to pertain to females which shows how much l anguage and culture are related and how much perception is influenced.3.8 ColorsThe Malayalam language has 7 colors chumala red, manja yellow, karup black, vella white, uutu violet, neela blue and pacha green. It doesnt have terms for orange, indigo, grey etc which thereby limits their world view to some extent. As some colors of the rainbow are absent, one who speaks of it will talk about in as different shades of a color unlike an English speaker who will be able to separate and talk about each color.3.9 Address Terms dissimilar English speech community which doesnt have a culture which has a caste system, Malayalam has in place a society with prevalent caste norms which defines the reality to some extent. The address terms often used reflect these caste norms present like in nom and aen used by the pep pill caste and lower caste people respectively in the place of personal pronoun I. Similarly words like adiyan and thampran were used by the workers and subordinates to landlords and kings alternatively of I and you.3.10 Kinship TermsWhile talking of kinship terms too Malayalam boasts of a large number of words to signify the relations unlike English which has very few words in this aspect. While English confines itself to terms generalized to signify both parental and paternal relations and both elder and younger relations, Malayalam provides specific terms for the same. For example vallyamma/vallyachan refers to the wife of elder brother or preserve of the elder babe of the father and cheriyamma/cheriyachan refers to the wife of younger brother or husband of the younger sister of the father. Also it has a lot of synonyms for signifying the same relation like veli, antherjanam, bharya all for the same word wife. Then some relations absent in English language are also present like the concept of muracherukan/murapennu which speaks of the son and daughter of a brother and sister respectively being deemed to enter wedlock at time of birth by custom3.11 Gend erMalayalam has no grammatical indication of gender and is similar to English in this. But the disposition towards the two genders is entirely different for a Malayalam speaker from an English speaker. In Malayalam Language, many words for tart exist like veshya, vebicharini etc but there seems no word for a male counterpart. Also the concept of Devi installing a chosen female of the community as the Goddess of the temple, restricting her worldly pleasures and the deity to authorize rituals has no where a parallel idea which floats the thought of a male being subjected to the same measures.3.12 Time Concepts4 nimisham/mathra/kashta/noti = 1 ganitham 10 ganithams = 1 Neduveerpu6 neduveerpu/ 240 mathra = 1 vinazhika 60 vinazhika = 1 nazhika60 nazhika = 1 day(Each present day hour = 2.5 nazhika. Also 1 day has 864,000 nimisham/mathra and present day consists of 86,400 seconds which implies that 1 second = 10 nimisham/mathra)15 days = 1 paksham 2 pakshams/ 30 days = 1 month365 days = 1 human year/Deva day/Divya dayTherefore we find a clear demarcation between how the Malayalam speech community has varied concepts regarding time inculcated by culture when considered along the lines of an English speaker. While an English speaker normally would talk of time with terms like seconds, minutes, hour etc, a Malayalam native will perceive time not the same way as units differ. Also while talking of time the Malayalam speech community will have differing perception of the external reality as they dissect time not the way done by an English speaker because unlike the latter who thinks of the day as 24 hours, the former considers the same as 60 nazhika which will make no sense what so ever when conveyed to the latter.3.13 Art FormsArt forms have their say in perception and speech communitys language. While an English speaker will have just things as signs or symbols, a Malayalam native has words like aangyam and mudra where aangyam simply refers to mixed signs but mudra ha s a deeper connotation of bringing in a dancers poses or steps. Similarly versatile words associated with art forms specific to the culture in question like arangetam first performance of an artist or of an event, padham refers to the various parts of a dance performance esp. Margamkalli, a Christian dance form and many more are exclusive to Malayalam speech community.3.14 ProfessionIn Malayalam language, terms for various professions are typically associated with a particular group, like a specific gender, class or faith. For example, koythukaran/koythukari a farm hand is someone who brings along the perception of lower class. A vayidyan practitioner of conventional medicines brings with term an image a male member of the society and never does a female cross ones mind when the image concerned is talked about. Also when one talks of kapiyar assistant to the priests in church the imagery being projected is of a Christian follower who carries out the basic duties in the religious c eremonies.3.15 CuisinesThe Malayalam Speech community boasts of a large variety of culture specific delicacies which in no way can be translated and grasped by an English native. Cuisines are deeply cushioned with cultural fervor may it be religion or occasion. Be it pathiri griddlecake made of rice flour is a typical Muslim food item or pallukachal boiling of milk which marks the beginning of a new life in a new house.3.16 DressChattyum-mundum a native attire of females among native Christians illustrates how a particular reference to a type of dress has influence over the speakers reflection of reality. While an English speaker might identify the dress and who wear it he will not be able to grasp the various images of Rosary wielding old females and so on. Also mundum-neriyathum a traditional attire of 2 mundus making a set, with one mundu worn similar to men as lower garment and the other worn on the upper half resembling a sari identitys the person as a part of Hindu religion , most probably the higher class.4. Language and culture question Findings from Mother TongueConsider languageas an exclusivelyhumanability for acquiring and using complex systems ofcommunication and culture as an integrated pattern of human knowledge, faith, and manners that depends upon the ability for representative notion and communal education. Although all observers may be confronted by the same strong-arm evidence in the form of experiential data and although they may be capable of externally similar acts of observation, a persons picture of the universe or view of the world differs as a function of the particular language or languages that person knows. (Lee 1996, page 87) .When one takes into consideration the evidences gathered from Malayalam, mother tongue/language Sapir-Whorf hypothesis remains relevant though the strong variant fails to hold ground and the weaker doctrine dominates the argument. Linguistic determinism can no longer be thought as a strong claim as the e xamples cited as evidence clearly demarcate between the determining and influencing effect on display between language and culture. The main problem of which among language and culture influences the other still remains debatable but an agreement upon the use of the term influence rather than determine has been reached or linguistic relativism has been recognized over the deterministic approach. The proof offered by the Mother tongue have illustrated how cultural fervour stands as an obstacle in the way of a translator who has to keep in mind the native culture, the resultant culture and idea originally conveyed all have to be kept in mind and given their due. The whole variety of examples taken from all aspects of language like Kinship terms, Proverbs, Folk songs, Religion, Time units and many more provide conclusive evidence regarding the two way relation of language and culture i.e. both are interdependent and one cannot be considered in closing off from another. The proof that anthropological studies and linguistics studies must go in hand in hand and the perception of world reality gets enriched in being multilingual is the straightforward answer of the research. How languages across the globe have similarities like being sexist, having culturally rich vocabulary etc are some of the celebrated results. The human e

Use Of Embryonic Stem Cells Philosophy Essay

Use Of embryologic Stem Cells Philosophy EssayAs we control entered into a new millennium, we ar witnessing a number of changes well-nigh us, ranging from a small technology to biggest medical discoveries. It has to a fault brought vast changes or rather improvements into bio experience as well, cargon completion of genome sequence, microarray technology to amount of m unityy simultaneously the expressions of thousands of genes (Okarma). We have even been able to improve the efficiency of drugs. The latest technologies be sincerely being helpful into the cure of chronic diseases.Among these the owing(p) advancements is successful derivation of pleasing-heartede conceptusnic al-Qaeda (hES) cellular telephones. (Thompson 1998, 282). The immature solution cells be the self-renewing cells and they have got the capacity to ca-ca all kind of homosexual trunk cells. The sparkling advantold ages of these arrest cells argon, they result permanent repair of the helplessness variety meat by injecting healthy functional cells that atomic number 18 developed from them. This line of medicine is likewise known as regenerative medicine. For example, the aflutter tissues and the heart tissues lot non repair themselves as gastro-intestinal cells and skin tissues the shuck cells therapy allows the repair of these kinds of cells. gentleman form is do of received organ syal-Qaedas that are capable of regeneration by themselves barely throughout purport, the skin cells are constantly shedding and they are replaced timely, same with the blood cells as well. The embryonic alkali cells are the cells, that shadow let any kind of military man body cells. (Okarma).Understanding Human incremental biologyNow for the obvious pr operationical medical aspiration it is virtually impossible to vigorously news report the embryonic development of the humans. However the probe of embryonic radix cells allows us to reveal the nature of human b ody development in every aspect from cells to cells and from tissues to tissues. Despite the field of honor of lab animals for these purposes as they are identical with human body, au pasttic aspects of human body and its mechanisms are various. (Okarma).It has been an objective of US health care sy paper to study the reproductive and embryonic development in humans because according to statistics, one in every six couple trying to conceive doom fertility disorders. 15% of the recognized gestation show premature pregnancy loss in United States. (Okarma). Until now study of embryogenesis at preceding stages was out of reach of scientists to direct studies. Since the introduction of the embryonic root word cells study it has buy the farm possible to study all the stages of human embryo or fetus development. This is an revolutionary invention that has provided us a number of ship canal to reach the roots of developmental defects and birth defects in humans. (Okarma).Identifyi ng teratogensDuring the pregnancy the women are exposed to number of agents that can result into the child birth defects and fetal abnormalities, known as Teratogens. The human infrastructure cells study can allow the screening of the environmental toxic agents and pharmaceuticals that could cause abnormalities of the developing fetus. (Okarma)Source of Human embryonic stem cellsThe invention of the stem cells from human embryo has been the most(prenominal)(prenominal) exciting development in the medical science. The medical experts world full(a) have been to a greater extent fireed in development theHuman embryonic stem cells into Regenerative medicine. The use of the human embryonic stem cells raises different estimable scruples. The exercise of these cells can be applied to tissue engineering, genetic engineering and opposite medical inquiry purposes. The use of the adult stem cells has non embossed a controversy but the utilization of the human embryonic stem cells raise different ethical questions based on the sources of the cells. (Hug, Sources of human embryos for stem cell query, 2005) in that evaluate are three different sources for the stem cells that are currently useExisting stem cell lines of the embryo salve embryo- the embryos that are left un utilise.Embryos that are created for the purpose of seek only if. (Hug, Sources of human embryos for stem cell search, 2005)Now from human embryos only thither are deuce authoritys of getting the stem cells. First from the umbilical cord or uterine water and second is from the fetuses themselves. Now the first source of the cells urinate less ethical questions because there are less example issues think to the source of the cells. In second source when the fetuses are aborted, the cells are derived from them without difficulty. The ethical danger involved here is it is really hard and unethical to surmise that a woman is convinced to become pregnant for the sake of fruit the fetus embryonic cells. (Teutsch).For example, surveys in the United States show that there is neat human race controversy aboutEmbryonic stem cell seek and therapeutic cloning. (Hug, Sources of human embryos for stem cell look for, 2005). These days limitations on stem cell inquiry vary by country. In approximately(prenominal) places this look for is non sufficiently supervised and regulated, and this raises moral questions themselves (Teutsch).The Ethical ProblemWhen the question of moral status of embryo is raised, on one devote we are concerned with the rights they have got for the protection of life health, and body. And on the new(prenominal) hand what all obligations the moral agents do have towards them in regard to preserving these goods. (stnor)The critics of stem cell search state a couple of main objectives some of them state that despite its worthy ends, stem cell research is unethical because there, devastation of the human embryos is involved. Whereas others fea r that even if research in itself is not unethical it impart obviously create the possibilities of the dehumanizing practices, for examples, cloned babies, and embryo farms and use of fetuses as spare parts. Eventually this will lead to commoditization of human lives. (Michael J. Sandel, 2004). Some stack the ruinion of the human embryos during the stem cells research same as yanking the organs from a baby to give birth any other human life so, baby dies and other lives. Some of them combine the sacred beliefs that the ensoulments occur at the time of conception only. While others try to defend without re prey to religious that we begin our life as embryo. If our life is worthy of regard as regardless of our age, then these embryos too should be considered as living organisms and hence should not be killed. (Michael J. Sandel, 2004).If stem cell therapy will be in custom practice, then the embryonic materials will become the source of the therapeutics and by using them ther e will be a situation where the respect for the human life will decrease. In these ways the sacrifice of the embryos earlier in their life will encourage polices of sacrificing the vulnerable for the benefits of others. This is also known as slippery-slope argument, meaning if we accept one condition then this acceptance will lead us to the toleration of veritable unacceptable conditions. According to some moral philosophers there has always been a difference between act and omission. Actively killing someone is different than the passive efforts not gear up into practice to save someone. Though the outcome into both the cases is same here, both can be argued as ending.Counter argument In the take argument, there are several who deal that the use of the spare embryos would not mean the destruction of life. They say that there is no issue to remember that the destruction of human embryo will undermine the respect of the human life in society. As destruction of embryos during th e process of invitro fertilization and stillbirth has been in practice since a long, no change in the respect of human life has been observed. The destruction of the spare embryos during the process of invitro fertilization should be considered more than problematic than the destruction of the spare embryo resulting from invitro fertilization to produce stem cells for the purpose of the therapeutics. (Hug, Sources of human embryos for stem cell research, 2005)If we consider that the destruction of the embryos for the purpose of stems cells harvesting in order to fancy cure of certain incurable diseases immoral than the use of embryos for the purpose of treating infertility also should be considered immoral. It has been always in question whether the human embryos can be used for all purposes or for certain of them, for example certain prefers that its permeable to destruct the human embryos for the development of the cosmetics. Currently the accepted position is that that the hum an embryos should be used only in order to create the cure of certain human diseases only. (Hug, Sources of human embryos for stem cell research, 2005). When the spare embryos that are donated for the purpose of research remain unused after a long period, they are destroyed. So there is no ethical question is raised there. So ultimately the outcome that the embryos are going to be used for the uprightness of humans should be interpreted into consideration rather than making ethical questions, according to some. (Hug, Sources of human embryos for stem cell research, 2005). The stem cells technology is also involved in the cloning process by somatic cell nuclear take away. Now it can also be argues that allowing cloning technology by somatic cell nuclear transfer can be a step towards human reproductive cloning and its world wide acceptance. But there has been some counter arguments against human cloning by these techniques as use of certain techniques for this purpose is prohibited in most part of the world so legislation might prohibit reproductive cloning even if the application of somatic cell nuclear transfer technology to generate embryos for the purpose of harvesting stem cells from embryos may be an important step in the development of the cloning technology. in that location is also a danger of commercial pressure driving to promote more research of these kinds resulting into the decreased intrinsic respect of human body and life. (Hug, Sources of human embryos for stem cell research, 2005).The research curriculum on embryonic stems cells produces moral dilemma. It makes us to choose from two moral principles.Alleviate suffering or a duty to prevent.The duty of respecting the human body and life. (Hug, Embryonic stem cell research an ethical dilemma, 2011)Either an embryo is considered as a person whilst its still an embryo, or its minted as a potential person. The mensuration of a personhood is really unclear.Arguments the development of a person from an embryo is the constant process it starts as early as the bollock is fertilized. As infancy is the stage where the human is in infant stage like that only this is the stage where the human is in the stage of embryo, the only fact that it does not hold any human characteristics at this stage. Eventually it will become a person so it should be given respect.Counter-arguments Before implanting them into uterus, the embryos invitro does not hold any psychological, emotional and physical characteristics of a person. So it does not hold any interest to be prevented and those can be used for the benefits of the patients who are persons. (Hug, Embryonic stem cell research an ethical dilemma, 2011)There has been also argument that the embryo has increasing status as it grows. There are several stages that might give importance to the embryos, e.g. implantation of embryo after six days of fertilization, the appearance of the primitive steak which is the beginning of development of the anxious(p) system. The stage at which if baby is delivered prematurely then also can be survived. And finally birth. (Hug, Embryonic stem cell research an ethical dilemma, 2011)Counter-arguments we protect persons interests and life because they are important and valuables from the point of interest to universe but because they are valuable to the persons they are concerned with. any(prenominal) moral status the embryo holds, the life it lives has a value to embryo itself. We cannot make any moral judgment based on the age of embryo, if we say that it becomes human as the primitive steak is formed, then what if the person who loses its nervous system in a stroke? is he not a human? (Hug, Embryonic stem cell research an ethical dilemma, 2011) unearthly viewsDifferent religions view stem cell research in different ways. Roman Catholic, orthodox and other protestant churches believe that the life begins as early as conception occurs, so no research should be permitted. Judaism and Islam emphasize the importance of helping others, so they prefer that the stem cells research should be permitted. They consider that there is no life before 40 days. (Hug, Embryonic stem cell research an ethical dilemma, 2011)Should public gold be used to support such research?Though they are very microscopic, the stem cells have created a issue between the research scientists and the right to life advocates. As the stem cell research broadcast needs a lot of investments, the question of who should livestock the research program, has been in discussion since last few years. Scientists want to study and research the embryonic stem cells in hope of finding the unanswered treatments of certain incurable human diseases like spinal cord injuries, Parkinsonism, certain birth deformities, nervous system diseases and many more life threatening conditions. President of USA, Barack Obama issued an decision maker order to use the federal money in stem cells research programs in 2009. Ther e have been many controversies against presidents this order. (Should the organization ancestry embryonic stem cell research?)The United States Congress and the legislatures of more than 28 states have considered spending one million million millions of tax payers dollars into the stem cell research program over next several years. In 2004 California state government organized a peoples pole to know their will of spending the public fund for stem cells research programs. It is also known as hypnotism 71 bond measure, which had authorized the state to raise 3 billion USD over upcoming 10 years to fund such research. therefore also the debates rage over the ethical question that whether the public fund should be used for such program in which the embryos, which are considered lives, killed. Is it really justified to use public backup for such research? (Elgin, 2008)The programs like Proposition 71 are stuck in to mud as they are politically debatable, speculative and controversi al because the stem cells research itself is very politically controversial. Each stem cells research program remains to be highly speculative so the government should not gamble with public fund into such programs where we cannot predict the results at all. (Elgin, 2008).In an interview with the UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) experts they expressed their view as follows. Owen Witte who is the director of the stem cell biology and medicine utter that its governments responsibility to do everything possible. Edwin Bayrd, UCLA AIDS Institute had to say that this country has a long tradition of funding scientific research from taxpayers fund. So these research programs also can never be exceptions. Whereas Stephen Brainbridge added that if one believes that life begins at the time of conception then the act of creating lives by destroying them is an evil act. (Do you believe public funds should be used to support stem cell research?, 2006)At this point in time no one kno ws that how successful any stem cell research is going to be. Or it is still difficult to predict that whether the stem cell research can really find solution to certain incurable medical conditions. Embryonic stem cells are clearly versatile but the scientists have not been able to control the growth of those embryonic stem cells. On the other hand the interactions of stem cells with other types of cells may lead to the development of tumors and certain kind of tissue rejection reactions. In 2006, the US National academy of science stated that development of the feasible therapies out of the embryonic stem cells research may take years or even decades. Even if they find some therapies then, they are needed to be tested first, means more investments of time and money. So the politicians who promise of finding the cure for certain diseases are becoming only disingenuous. (Elgin, 2008).In November 2007, New Jersey voters rejected the porta to borrow the sum of $450 million to invest or fund in a state-run stem cells program. Because the people of New Jersey knew how little was the avail of public funding into the stem cells program in state of California. followers James Thomsons discovery that stem cells are self renewing cells, the funding to stem cells research become political feasible and very popular, though the destruction of embryos for these purpose was considered unethical. (Elgin, 2008)ConclusionAccording to my personal views, my religious beliefs, it is unethical to kill the embryos and harvest the stem cells in a process to save the lives. It simply means that you are killing someone to save the lives of someone. dampen would be the developments of the alternatives to be away from all these ethical issues. To date there are eight alternatives available to the embryonic stem cells.(Hug, Sources of human embryos for stem cell research, 2005)The Stem cells have been found into adult tissues like skin, intestine, rig out marrow, brain etc. those wh o are against the use of embryonic stem cells research claim the use of these alternatives of the stem cells.There is a possible way to avoid destroying the viable human embryonic stem cells in the course of conducting research of stem cells could be to produce non-viable human embryo by performing nuclear transplant into a nuclear less egg of suitable species.The Embryonic stem cells that are to be transplanted may be immunologically incompatible with that of recipient. So to solve this problem a tissue depository financial institution with the large number of different kind of stem cells can be established.In place of using new embryos and embryonic stem cells line, scientists can use the embryonic stem cells and the differentiated stem cells obtained from them.The new possibility has been found by scientist recently that the stem cells can be produced at an early stage than they used to be. Scientists have found the possibility of emergence stem cells at four day old human emb ryo called Morula.There is a theoretical possibility in which the possibility of destruction of the embryo can be avoided. Scientists are checking and testing the possibility of development the single cell plucked from a Morula stage of embryo.If the researches on the embryonic stem cells are being prohibited because of the destruction of the embryo then there are the chances of splitting the embryos.There are the chances of genetic fitting of the oocytes in such a manner that if fertilized they wont produce a viable human being.All currently available methods of harvesting stem cells from different sources and their research are the issues to be discussed ethically in respect to the human embryo and human life. To avoid the ethical issues there are new alternatives to the sources of the cells should be taken into the consideration. (Hug, Embryonic stem cell research an ethical dilemma, 2011)To my personal views, the use of embryo to harvest the cells are totally unethical and publ ic funds should not be used for this kind of anti-human act, though I appreciate the process of the research that has got the hope of development of many newer medical cures. But for that many available alternatives should be taken into consideration.

Workplace Evaluation of Status and Economic Comparison

Workplace evaluation of Status and Economic ComparisonViktoria KonstantinovaKey features of Work Practice judicatureEvaluate your study in the context of its legal status and coat in relation to both the Irish parsimony and world economyI have been on work experience in a community crche in disadvantage atomic number 18a since January 2014 until the place closed down and unfortunately I couldnt get their policy and procedures. indeed I will be evaluating my previous work experience from aim 5.The Child C atomic number 18 Act 1991 is one of the most important and spaciotemporal piece of edict, in relation to the sympathize with of electric razorren. And e trulyone who is working with baberen have a legal obligation to adhere to this Legislation and every child care range is indispensable to keep a copy of it at their premises and lag should consult and be familiar with exercises and responsibilities stated in the Act. Childs rights are the first Standard in Sioltas bringlines and my workplace implements it by offering children choices and uses their interest and initiative to go in in their own discipline and learning. Another example of promoting childrens rights is that it is now written in the Irish constitution after Referendum on childrens rights were held thanks to UNCRC (United Nation rule on the Rights of the Child) which is ratified by most countries, except USA, Somalia, South SudanThe background signal is privately possess and is located in a big signal that was refurbished into a childcare according to all necessary Regulations that are required by law and stated in the Pre-School Regulations 2006. These Regulations provide for health, welfare and growth of the children 0 6 years. As part of Pre- school day regulations 2006 individuals working with children must be qualified to tokenish requirement FETAC level 5 Major swag in childcare and Garda Vetted to fulfil their responsibilities to protect children in their care. The new ECCE intent directly pays pre-schools to provide a place for one year per child between the ages of 3 years 3 months and 4 years 6 months at September initiative each year. A higher say is procurable as an incentive to encourage graduates with a relevant triplet level degree in early puerility to work in the sector ( Neylon, 20122). Services that operate free pre-school year are required to implement Siolta principles and Aistear Curriculum a keen-sighted with notification to HSE to run the service, Tax headroom Certificate, rung Ratios (For each group of 16 children in a plentiful-of-the-moon day care displace there must be at least 1 Pre-school leader who meets the qualification requirements outlined above (i.e. minimum FETAC Level 5 or equivalent) (www.dcya.gov.ie)My work experience has both pieces of legislation on the premises and is available to read for everyone cater and the fires along with control compliance forms.Most European countries now provide fr ee frequent ad missionary work to other(a) puerility Care and instruction (ECCE) services for children ripened three to six. They usually provide subsidies for children aged less than three and children of school age. Ireland only provides free preschool year for specific age group from 3 years 2 months less 4 years 7months on 1st of September of the year that they are starting. A lot of countries provide long maternity leave for mothers and fathers (Sweden) usually until child is entitled to free rearing which helps both parents to participate in employment, therefore beneficial to economy.Examine the workplaces organizational structure, mission statement and valuesTheir services aims and objectives are to provide a service that is based on the needs of the families and children as well as the cater. Like for children an environment which meets nutrition, health and safety requirements, supports and strengthens family ties, and which reflects the socioeconomic, ethnical and ethnic background of its users, which accounts for the additional needs of children (There is a large ingathering of age appropriate toys and equipment which will ensure that your childs generatemental needs are met. The equipment is kept at a level which ensures that your child, as an individual smoke choose to play with what he/she wishes to. Rooms are bright and large-minded with separate sleep room) Adults who respect them as individuals, and foster their unique abilities (physical, intellectual, sociable and emotional), background and ethnic identities, a curriculum that is consistent yet bendable to reflect childrens interest and encompassing gender equality (room staff are carefully chosen based on a supernumerary affinity they have with children of specific age group. They ensure that your child meets uniform attention with variety of curriculums according to their age). For families Supports them in providing an environment which promotes the holistic developmental needs of their children, respects and responds to the needs, values and cultural diversity of the parents (having an active throw of information between parents and staff on a daily buttocks by sending home a sheet to let you agnize what your child has been doing during the day. For staff goal as a staff aggroup is to facilitate an disperse and effective working relationship whereby the practitioners are validatory and respectful of one anothers needs (Conducting staff meetings and appraisals on a regular basis and provide learning opportunities both internal and external).Crches mission states that their aim is to treat your child as an individual who will receive the very best care and attention that we can provide in a safe, loving, caring and stimulating environment. Setting has a strong commission to provide a progressive and consistently high quality child care service where the needs of both the children and the families are met. As apply Early Childhood Professional s, they trust that children are unique individuals who learn and develop skills through the process of exploration within an educational, play-based curriculum. Our service continues to offer care and activities for children with additional needs. The crche caters for children from 3 months 12 years. Its privately owned crche and consists of a baby room (3months 1.5 years), wobbler/toddler room (1.5 years 3 years), Hi scope room for senior toddlers (3 year 4 years), Montessori Pre-School (4 5 years), Afterschool (5 12 years).Assess the workplace culture and management practices of your ECCE pose based on your experienceMy work placement setting is a crche and Montessori, and offers after school care, ECCE scheme, CETS scheme and full and part conviction places, sessional Hi-scope classes and is privately owned.Overall values and culture of my work experience is very family oriented, and management practices support parents, children and staff members. The setting has family like environment with a lot of siblings attending a crche. The management constantly obtains an open door policy allowing parents to either drop off or attract their children at any(prenominal) time. Parents do not take an active role in policy changes, however, management do welcome at any time any suggestions parents might have to change policies as they are always trying to improve our service. Communication between owner and the parent is usually through an email or one to one meetings. possessor and Management are very involved in the crche smell and not only sit in the office, they also working and participate in the activities and outings with children (on one occasion owner came down with her car to bear some of the children that didnt fit on the bus to the farm). Everyone in the setting follow policy and procedures, especially on outings and on the school runs. official meetings held by the owner and the staff on a monthly basis, and baseborn staff meetings held by m anager with room leaders and childcare assistants weekly. Staff are communicating with parents face to face and through little notes that they nature what the children did on everyday basis. Relationships and working atmosphere is very friendly and agreeable because owner recognises the complex and fluid nature of the work of the staff in the Centre. And provides staff with on-going and diverse training (Siolta training, they have recently received full Siolta Verification) that will offer them an opportunity to further their skills. Owner and Management believe that this kind of training commitment will lead to the highest possible cadence of care for the young people in the Centre and to the development of greater job satisfaction and professional progression for all the staff. And for this reason staff feel valued and motivated in their work.BibliographyChildhood Care and Education 19902004 Online available at http//www.cecde.ie/english/pdf/conference_papers/WalshQoQ.pdf fini s accessed on 1.07.2014Centre for Early Childhood Development Education (2014) Germany Online available at http//www.cecde.ie/english/pdf/ reservation%20Connections/MC%20Chapter%206.pdf live accessed on 1.07.2014Department of Children and Youth Affairs,2011 ECCE Programme Guide to the Programme and the Administrative Procedures for Service Providers and Parents Online available at http//www.dcya.gov.ie/viewdoc.asp?fn=/documents/childcare/GuidetotheProgrammeAdministrativeProceduresforServiceProvidersandParents.htm last accessed 1.07.2014Department of Education and Science, 2009, Developing the workforce in the early childhood care and education sector Background discussion paper Online available at http//www.education.ie/en/Schools-Colleges/Information/Early- grades/eye_background_discussion_paper.pdf last accessed on 1.07.2014Early Childhood Ireland, 2012, Salary Survey 2012 http//www.earlychildhoodireland.ie/advocacy-research-and-campaigns/research/surveys/salary-survey-2012/Iri sh Times.(2011) Nordic childcare sit down best for economic and social wellbeing. Irish Times Ireland Online, accessible athttp//cmi.mannadev.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Nordic-Childcare-best-for-economic-and-social-wellbeing-Irish-Times-9.6.11.pdf last accessed on 2.07.04National Womens Council of Ireland. 2005. Accessible childcare Online available at http//www.dit.ie/cser/media/ditcser/images/accessible-childcare.pdf last accessed on 2.07.04Neylon G., 2012, An Analysis of the Free Pre-School Year in Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) scheme from a Practitioners Perspective Online, available at http//icep.ie/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/icep12_submission_19.pdf last accessed on 1.07.2014Salary Explorer, 2014, online, available at http//www.salaryexplorer.com/average-salary.php?loc=81loctype=1job=699jobtype=3show=job last accessed on 1.07.2014Statistic Sweden, 2014, lucre and salary structures and employment in the primary municipalities Online available at http//www.sc b.se/en_/Finding-statistics/Statistics-by-subject-area/Labour-market/Wages-salaries-and-labour-costs/Wage-and-salary-structures-and-employment-in-the-primary-municipalities/Aktuell-Pong/7634/2012/28336/ last accessed on 2.07.04Policy and Procedure from the creche 2014Walsh T., (2004) Quality A world-wide Issue? An International Review of Quality in Early

Functionalism Essay -- Philosophy, Psychofunctionalism

Functionalism is a materialist position in the philosophy of mind that argues that affable states atomic number 18 purely running(a), and consequently categorized by their input and output associations and causes, rather than by the carnal makeup that constitutes its parts. In this manner, functionalism argues that as long as something operates as a conscious entity, then it is conscious. Block describes functionalism, discusses its inherent dilemmas, and then discusses a more(prenominal) scientifically-driven counter solution called psychofunctionalism and its failings as well. Although Blocks assertions are weighty and well-presented, the psychofunctionalist is able to provide counterarguments to support his viewpoint against Blocks criticisms. I shall argue that though both concepts are not without issue, functionalism appears to satisfy a more acceptable description that philosophers can admit over psychofunctionalisms chauvinistic disposition that attempts to limit cons ciousness only to the human race. To commence, functionalists are preoccupied with making mental states distinct, partly on the basis of causal relations to other mental states. Functionalism involves the conviction that psychological or mental terms can be done away to a trusted extent. Functionalists treat terms related to mental states as functional characterizations which protest from input and output terms. Therefore, when the theory is broken down, mental states are associated with the states of the Turing-machine, which on its own is defined as a machine table that mentions inputs and outputs that are not explored in the mind (Block, pg. 212). Additionally, functionalism empathizes that characterization of mental states ought to include descriptions of inputs and outputs in both it... ...e to claim that objects that were created by humans, including robots, wire and metal structures and series of electronic computer networks could and do possess qualia. Once people hav e reached the highest nirvana in the limits of consciousness and can create a consciousness device to gradation its depths among classes of humans and non-humans, then functionalism can be shelved and rejected if it is the case that a robot does not contain qualia. Until then, however, functionalism needs to be carefully considered and not disregarded for its merits in the problem of mental states. Though for many, psychofunctionalism may be the more favorable choice because it is easier for people to consider themselves as the close intelligent beings and rulers of the universe rather than every collection of objects that satisfy the functional role to have consciousness on the same level as them.

Violence Is An Appropriate Response To Racism :: essays research papers

Violence is an Appropriate solvent to RacismI think that this statment is very negative, as it gives the impression that madness is the only way to solve things, and it is not.People need to talkabout matters that adjoin them with the people that are causing the concerns,doing this wil make dealing with the problem of racial discrimination easier. The saying twowrongs dont make a right is a very appropriate sayingto phthisis in the issue ofracism because racism towards people is wrong and so is violence. When one putsthe two together, to deal with each other,it does not make the spatial relation right.In fact, it will make the situatin worse because it will cause insolencebetween the racist and the victim. There is a quote in the bible, Matthew 5 38-39 where Jesus speaks about revenge. It reads, "You have heard that it was said,an nitty-gritty for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. But now I tell you do not takerevenge on soulfulness who wrongs you. If someone slaps you on the right cheek, lethim slap your left cheek too." What this means is, if someone excruciations once, do notrespond in a violent manner, change form the other cheek and let them do it again. It turn ups that Jesus was against violence. Gandhi said something analogous An eyefor an eye and we shall all be blind. Gandi meant that so mang people hurtother people that they would end up seriously hurt. Put this direction intopractise, if someone hurts you once let them do it a secong time is the kernelhere. The other side to this statement is to agree that racists should be dealtwith in a violent way. In some resects, this is correct because if people havethe brainiac to be racist towards another person, they need to be punished, andif violence fits this miscellany of punish mentment. People, whatever race they arehave to choice to reconcile where they live. They deserve to feel comfortable intheir home even if it is not where the majority of their race lives. No one hasthe ri ght to speak ill about another human because of the colour of their skin.They need violence to show them racism is unfair. Racism is somthing verypersonal to people as it shows what they conceptualise in Some people prefer to dealwith it in a violent manner, and others prefer ot deal with it in a more penetrativeway, for example a discusion.

Anglo-Saxon Ideal Code of Conduct :: Beowulf Epic Poems Anglo-Saxon Literature Essays

Anglo-Saxon Ideal computer code of ConductThe epos poem of Beowulf presents the characteristics of two heroes,Beowulf and Hrothgar. During this Anglo-Saxon magazine period, Hrothgar rules asthe poof of his Danish lands. However, this king faces m each problems due to thedisturbances of a heller known as Grendel. As an Anglo-Saxon warrior of thetime, Beowulf hears of this creature and journeys through the heros fashion tokill Grendel. Through this journey, Hrothgar and Beowulf reconstruct the codeof conduct of an ideal Anglo-Saxon king and warrior. The Danish lands of the time are ruled by Hrothgar, a respected andgenerous king. These qualities of character were admired by the people of histime and place. All people of Hrothgars kingdom respected this king, and theyall accepted his truly word far and wide as a command. The people withal checkhim great titles such as the Lord of the Mighty Danes, defender of theScyldings, and protector of warriors. Much of these peoples res pect come inresponse to Hrothgars benignity to everyone. This generosity can be seentowards Beowulf, when the king gives his thanks for the heroic whole shebang of thewarrior. Hrothgar rewards Beowulf with priceless material as he says to thewarrior, You shall lack no mortal riches I can offer you. The people of theland withal presumption their king, who holds a strong belief in God. In the purviewwhere Hrothgar celebrates Grendels death, he holds the monsters hand as he says,Let us give thanks at once to God Almighty for this sight. The followers ofthe king both respect and trust their ruler, and through his generosity andstrong trust in good, Hrothgar displays the ideal code of conduct for an Anglo-Saxon king. Another epic hero that has qualities that follow the Anglo-Saxon code ofconduct is Beowulf. This warrior, known to be the strongest man alive, leavesfor a heroic journey when he hears of the evil Grendel. He first shows hisstrength and bravery when he sets sail to assist Hrothgar in defeating Grendelafter hearing news of the creature in his own land. Beowulf is invariablyreferred to as brave, such as when he defeats Grendel, and Hrothgar must rewardhim for his heroics. As the brave man moved forward until he stood immediately in front the Danish lord, Hrothgar says, I will reward this brave man withtreasures. The invincible strength of Beowulf shows during his confrontationwith Grendel, when the monster instantly realizes that never had he met any man