Foundations of teaching and learning Essay Example for Free

Foundations of didactics and cultivation assayI am going to deliver a lesson to my school- bestride childs, which any(prenominal)ow for include the one-third main schools of acquire, Behaviourism, Cognitivism and humanitarianism. I depart incorporate these managements of reading into my lesson purposes to fit my assimilators argon offered a range of check up oning strategies. The behaviourist encyclopaedism theory suggests that we learn by receiving a stimulus that provokes a response. So long as the response is reinforced in some way that response pull up stakes be repeated. (Reece and Walker 2007)I regard behaviourism is important within the classroom as it is controlled Education, where the teacher swallows control of the class and the milieu that the students argon in. Behaviourism is the educational theory that is based on the underlying ideology that the milieu has commit influence on behaviour. Aims and objectives must be shown at the beginning o f the class, to ensure the students ar aware of what is anticipate of them. Reinforcement should be used to strengthen behaviour that you want to assist. Students should be observeed immediately so it gives the student motivation and confidence to conk on to the following(a) stage.Rewards can be offered in a pastiche of ways e. g. praise, letting them take part in something they enjoy doing, and should be used often when starting time a new pendant. To ensure students are kept motivated. Behaviourists look for rewards from others such as teachers, family and peers etc. almost behaviour is inappropriate so a punishment is given to stop that particular behaviour occurring again. pack learn by copying from others, for example, performing a demonstration (you are the dashl) students pull up stakes learn behaviours from the model. in spite of appearance my lesson plan I drop covered behaviourism with discussing previous background experience of subject depicted object s o I am able to gain the required breeding to move on to the succeeding(a) stage and by applying praise to give them confidence to be able to move on to the next stage. I bequeath take control of the class the environment within the class will be relaxed and non-threatening. I will offer encouragement and appraisal throughout my lesson, before the end of the lesson I have arranged practical session as a reward.The Cognitivist school believes that learning by doing, and asking students ruling-provoking questions, will help students make their own sense of what they era studying, and enable them to make use of their learning in real life (Geoff Petty2009) The Cognitivist approach to learning focuses on students and how they gain and store knowledge. It looks into how students interpret information given to them and what technique is best for them to use to understand it. The information that is given to the students must be understood to ensure leaning is taking place.It should b e presented in a step by step expressive style and goals should be in place for each stage, Feedback is essential and should be given out promptly to ensure learning has taken place before moving on to the next stage. There are three modes of learning The Enactive mode learning by doing The Iconic mode imagery- depends on visual senses The symbolic mode apply codes to learn This approach should be used in an attempt to promote learning using the cognitive structure. Students learn more when they have a greater understanding of the knowledge within the subject matter.This information is taken and added onto existing information, which is known as deep learning. duncish learning is where new learning makes a connexion to old learning so you are able to build on knowledge, Deep learning is good learning students should be taught a way that encourage them to adopt a way of learning, so they have a deeper understanding. There is also surface learning where there is no connectio n at all from old learning to new. There is only a small amount of cognitive skills used, and the new subject material has no relevance to previous learning. Studies more recently have shown deeper approaches to learning are related to higher quality learning out fall downs (Ramsden 1992 Prosser and Miller 1989 Trigwell and Prosser, 1991).Learning takes place through individuals changing and processing information from their social and physical surroundings. The teaching strategies for this theory should include things such has class presentations, debates and lectures, videos, readings and theme studies. Work material should always be clear to understand, and produced in an organised manner, precise objective feedback should be given to facilitate learning.The amount of knowledge and understanding already attained will influence the drive on and capability to add subsequent learning. I have used the cognitivism school of learning within my lesson plan by using deep surface learn ing, I am going to be building students knowledge through learning new subject matter to add on to old. I will take into account the structure of the subject matter delivering it in a step by step manner that is meaningful and understandable to them so they can relate new information to what they already know. My teaching methods will emphasis common principles and transferable skills.I have set tasks so they will have to think for themselves and gain vigor new ways of finding out things well-nigh themselves and finding answers within the tasks. There will also be class discussions throughout the lesson, so students have the opportunitiy to express themselves, the classroom environment will be pleasant and relaxed so the students do not notice afraid to speak out. I will be performing a demonstration for students so they will be able to understand just what I want them to learn by doing . The only way to learn how to do something is by doing it (Paul Ginnis 2002)Humanism is abou t the assimilator feeling good about him or herself and being able to determine their strengths and weaknesses. The learner should believe that able to have the ability to improve. It is important that students feel good about themselves so they are able to set goals that are achievable this should be encouraged by the teacher to help organize students self-esteem. All topics should be relevant to the student so it keeps them interested and motivated. Students should not feel that they have done wrong, moreover use mistakes as an opportunity to learn. Hierarchy of Basic Human necessarily pic Abraham Maslow 1962)It is essential that the lower needs are met before moving up to the next level in a step by step way. In a classroom setting, these needs must be fulfilled to ensure effective learning can take place. Starting with physical needs workings up to self- actualisation. The teacher should make the classroom environment feel warm and friendly with a confirmative atmosphere, and give students the choice to work at their own pace and let them take responsibility to learn for themselves, so that they become highly motivated by working in an area of their own interests and curiosity. humanistic teaching enables students to figure things out for themselves because over helping from the teacher will discourage and de motivate the student. Students are encouraged more by active learning than passive learning. It gives the student great motivation when they are able to solve their own problems. The prize for the humanistic theorist is through self-evaluation and self-direction humanists like to reward themselves. Self-assessment is a crucial skill it helps students to be responsible for their own improvements where tests set by teachers are thought of as discouraging and lowering students self-esteem.I have incorporated humanistic teaching within my lesson plan through classroom environment the layout of my class room is designed to suit the students needs. There will be adequate breaks, I will ensure comfortable surroundings, all students will be treated fairly and with dignity and confidentiality will be maintained at all times. I intend to promote interaction between students and show that I care. I will encourage independence and welcome ideas and offer prizes when appropriate, promote optimism and be enthusiastic and supportive and be positive about their future plans.So with this support I have applied basic needs within the classroom so my students will reach self-actualization I have set tasks where students will have to think for themselves and come up with their own conclusions. I have also included a practical activity where students will work in pairs and have to think between them to evaluate the outcome. We will be in an environment where the students are comfortable and the learning subject matter is relevant to the learners objectives.I think that the three main schools of learning should be incorporated within a lesson because I strongly coincide with Maslows hierarchy of basic needs. You need to meet physical needs to be able to move up the ladder without these needs you are unable to achieve or reach self actualisation. I believe that the humanistic approach to teaching and learning is used through all ages of teaching but is more influenced with adult education. Whereas behaviorism I believe is for the younger generation. Behaviorism teaching starts from an infant they are influenced by reinforcements and that is how good behavior is determined from bad.I think this is more effective with school age children. It helps to promote learning when a child is praised. The cognitivist theory plays a big part in learning, learning should be a part of life humans have a natural urge to learn, discover and develop new skills. I agree that it is important that the learning that is taking place and the information is recognized. bulls eye and feedback is essential and plays a big part in student achiev ement, so you can evaluate where the students understood.